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Cystitis in women: what it is, symptoms and treatment

Many women suffer when the first symptoms of cystitis appear; they start treating themselves, consulting pharmacists at the pharmacy and buying fancy drugs. They cannot even imagine what the consequences of such treatment may be, without learning the causes, type and form of the disease. To avoid complications of the disease, it is necessary to undergo a proper diagnosis.

Cystitis is inflammation of the urinary system and the lining of the bladder. This disease is mainly female. It is caused by the structure of the urethra in women, which is shorter and wider than in men, so infection or penetration of harmful microorganisms occurs more often.

Cystitis according to ICD-10

According to the international classification of diseases, this type of inflammation belongs toXIV class, its code#30. 0.

According to the international classification of diseases, there are several forms of cystitis:

  1. Acute cystitis code No 30. 0.
  2. Chronic (parenthetical) code No 30. 1.
  3. Chronic (other) cystitis code No 30. 2.
  4. Code Trigonitis No 30. 3.
  5. Inflammatory process radiation type code No. 30. 4.
  6. Other forms of cystitis No. 30. 5.
  7. Unspecified cystitis No. 30. 6.

Each form of inflammatory process requires individual treatment. Therefore, the diagnosis of the disease must be made in a medical institution and drugs recommended by the doctor should be taken.

Causes of cystitis in women

People suffer from this disease30% women under 45. The main reason for the appearance of the inflammatory process is a special anatomical structure in which there is contact between the flora of the reproductive and urinary systems of the woman. Other reasons include:

  • Improper genital hygiene.
  • Passive (sedentary) lifestyle.
  • Stress.
  • Unbalanced diet.
  • Eating spicy and fatty foods.
  • The presence of chronic gynecological and venereal diseases.
  • Sex without protection.
  • Prolonged hypothermia.
  • Bladder injuries.
  • Changes in hormone levels.
  • Reduced immunity.
  • Synthetic underwear.

The most common cause of bladder inflammation is infection with intestinal infections.

Which bacteria cause inflammation?

Cystitis occurs due to infection with various pathogenic bacteria:

  1. Candida fungi.
  2. Escherichia coli.
  3. Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
  4. Gonococci.
  5. Ureaplasma.
  6. Mycoplasma.
  7. Trichomonas.
  8. Chlamydia.
  9. Enterobacteriaceae.
  10. Treponema pallidum.
  11. Staphylococci.
  12. Streptococci.
  13. Enterococcus.
  14. Meningococcus.
  15. Colobacteroid microbes.
  16. Proteus.
  17. Salmonella.
  18. Viruses.
  19. Listeria.
  20. Klebsiella.

The most common opportunistic bacterium that causes the acute stage of inflammation is Escherichia coli.

E. coli more often causes cystitis to develop in women

The first signs of the disease in women

Within 24 hours, the first signs of the disease appear after infection with pathogenic bacteria or hypothermia. These signs include:

  • Weakness.
  • Low fever.
  • Frequent urination in small amounts.
  • Genital itching.
  • Pain pattern in lower abdomen at night.
  • Painful urination.
  • The appearance of secretions from the genitals.

Urine becomes cloudy with sediment in the form of flakes, mixed with blood or pus.

One of the signs of cystitis in a woman is an annoying pain in the lower abdomen

Symptoms of cystitis in women

The main symptoms of the inflammatory process in women:

  1. Urine is released often and in small portions.
  2. Burning sensation when emptying the bladder.
  3. In the evening, frequent desire to urinate.
  4. Cloudy urine mixed with mucus, blood and pus.
  5. Feeling of heaviness in the lower abdomen.
  6. Urine has an unpleasant, pungent odor.
  7. An annoying pain occurs in the lower abdomen, kidneys and spine.
  8. Low body temperature.

If one or more symptoms are detected, it is necessary to undergo a diagnosis in order to avoid complications or the development of urolithiasis.

A woman is worried about the symptoms of cystitis in the form of frequent and painful urination

Urinary incontinence with cystitis in women

Urinary incontinence in women with the disease is a signneglect of the disease. The main reason is self-medication or reluctance to visit a medical facility.

Urinary incontinence occurs due to growthinflammatory process after infection in the bladder. The nerve endings in the bladder walls are irritated, causing a frequent urge to urinate. If treatment is inappropriate or treatment is ignored, the urges become strong and can no longer be controlled.

Are your kidneys hurting with cystitis?

The kidneys are part of the urinary system and produce urea, which forms urine. Urine exits the ureters, collects in the bladder, and then exits. If the inflammatory process in the bladder becomes advanced, the infection rises through the ureters to the kidney, which is why kidney pain occurs with cystitis.

If the pain in the kidneys begins to intensify after cystitis, this means that the patient develops a disease - pyelonephritis. Therefore, if kidney pain occurs, you should immediately consult a doctor for tests and diagnosis of the disease.

Types and forms of cystitis in women

Modern medicine classifies cystitis according to the nature of the disease, the causes of its occurrence, the morphology, the stage of development and the spread of the inflammatory process. Cystitis can appear in the following forms:

  1. Spicy– inflammation of the bladder mucosa due to various infections.
  2. Chronic– differs from acute cystitis in washed out symptoms with their periodic appearance.
  3. Median– characterized by the formation of a malignant tumor in the walls of the bladder. This is a dangerous pathology that requires surgery.
  4. Honeymoon cystitis- this is a special form, it is typical for girls who are starting to have sex. During the peeling process, foreign bacteria penetrate into the vaginal cavity, which causes inflammatory processes.

Most specialists identify the following types of cystitis:

  • InfectiousCystitis occurs due to bacteria and harmful microorganisms entering the bladder.
  • Traumatica kind of disease that occurs due to injuries and bruises of the urethra.
  • Chemical substanceCystitis occurs when it is not treated properly or when the body is exposed to toxic substances.
  • Hemorrhagicthe species occurs as a result of viral diseases.
  • Hypercalciuriathe type occurs in women suffering from impaired kidney function.
  • Parasiticthe species occurs due to the penetration of parasites (worms) from the anus into the urethra.
  • SexualCystitis occurs in women who frequently change sexual partners.
  • Raycystitis occurs during procedures with radiation exposure to the body.
  • AllergicThis type occurs when allergens enter the body and can cause an inflammatory process.
  • CervicalCystitis is an inflammation of the bladder neck.
  • Fungalthe species develops if Candida fungi are present in the body.
  • HormoneCystitis in women occurs with an increase in the level of estrogen in the body, which reduces immunity and facilitates the penetration of infection.

Recurrent cystitis

Recurrent cystitis is an acute form of inflammation of the genitourinary organs that occursmore than 3 times in six months. Causes of the recurring type:

  1. Chronic inability to comply with the rules of personal hygiene.
  2. Genetic predisposition.
  3. Anatomical abnormalities, such as dystopia.
  4. Stricture of the urethra.
  5. Stones or sand in the bladder.
  6. Frequent change of sexual partners.
  7. Gynecological diseases.
  8. Persistent hypothermia.

For the recurrent type of the disease, the treatment is the same as for acute cystitis.

Diagnostics

The doctor performs an initial examination of the patient, collects memories and writes a referral for tests:

  • General blood analysis.
  • General urinalysis.
  • Bacteriological culture of urine.
  • Vaginal microflora smear.
  • Ultrasound.
  • Cystography.
Ultrasound examination of the bladder can help diagnose cystitis in a woman.

Based on the test results, the doctor makes the diagnosis and prescribes the appropriate treatment.

How long does it take to cure cystitis in women?

The doctor prescribes a course of treatmentat least 10-14 days. The duration of treatment will depend on the form and type of cystitis, as well as the likelihood of recurrence. The inflammatory process is treated with drugs at various stages. Self-medication can lead to the development of complications, and the treatment will take a long time.

Methods and drugs for the treatment of cystitis in women

If cystitis occurs, first of all, you need to visit a doctor and undergo tests to find out the cause of its occurrence.

For the treatment of diseases of the genitourinary organs, antibiotics, herbal remedies, hot baths and folk remedies are prescribed. Treatment methods and drug dosage are determined by the doctor.

During drug treatment, complex treatment is carried out with antibiotics, antispasmodics, probiotics, herbal medicines, and in case of severe pain, painkillers are prescribed.

During antibiotic treatment, the intestinal microflora suffers, so the doctor prescribes probiotics.

Medicines to treat cystitis - antibiotics, probiotics, antispasmodics, herbal medicines

For severe spasms, antispasmodics are prescribed.

Herbal medicines are prescribed by a doctor to relieve inflammatory processes in the urinary system. These are preparations based on herbs and plant flowers that are effective in fighting the inflammatory process. These include:

  • Lingonberry leaves.
  • Bearberry.
  • Products based on cranberry fruit and medicinal herbs.

Therapeutic baths will help relieve spasms and have an antibacterial effect. Decoctions, decoctions and herbal oils are added to such baths:

  1. Chamomile flowers.
  2. Collection of herbs for the urinary system.
  3. Calendula.
  4. One line.
  5. Balsamwort.
  6. Eucalyptus oil.
  7. Lemon oil.
  8. Sage oil.
  9. Lavender oil.

For quick and effective treatment, complex treatment is carried out.

Is it possible to treat cystitis without antibiotics?

Treatment without antibiotics is prescribed only in case of an acute form of the disease; for its treatment,anticonvulsant and antimicrobial drugs. In most cases, the acute form becomes chronic, in which antibiotic treatment cannot be avoided.

Do they give sick leave for cystitis?

Cystitis is a disease in which the inflammatory process develops rapidly. In the acute type of the disease, the body temperature often rises, which indicates the need for bed rest, which means that you need to issue a sick leave certificate.

In the case of a chronic disease, sick leave is not granted, since the disease does not have severe symptoms. It should be remembered that for its treatment it is necessary to undergo tests and undergo diagnostic procedures, which will also take time.

Consequences and complications

This disease, in acute and chronic form, can be treated quickly and effectively, but if the treatment is carried out independently and incorrectly, the inflammation takes other forms, complications arise that develop into other diseases. Such consequences and complications include:

  • Cystitis turns into interstitial, hemorrhagic, gangrenous forms.
  • Pyelonephritis.
  • Bladder empyema.
  • Paracystitis.
  • Triangle.

The risk of complications is that new diseases may arise in the body.

Prevention

To prevent the disease, it is important to observe the following rules and recommendations:

  1. Maintain your drinking regime.
  2. Follow the rules of personal hygiene.
  3. Maintain a rest and sleep schedule.
  4. Dress for the weather.
  5. Eat healthy, balanced foods.
  6. Reject bad habits.
  7. Drink diuretic herbal teas.
  8. Excercise.
  9. Take vitamins.

It is important to take care of your health, visit a doctor, diagnose diseases in time and take preventive measures.